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Solanum

Family Solanaceae

Solanum
• Classification
• Other links

• S. orbiculatum subsp. orbiculatum)
• S. Centrale

• Solanaceae

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Solanum • Family Solanaceae
The Solanum genus contain a variable number of annual plants ranging from perennials, forbs, vines, small shrubs and trees. Most are poisonous, but there are a number of edible fruits, leaves, tubers, including the cultivated species:
  • Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum
  • Potato - Solanum tuberosum
  • Eggplant - Solanum melongena

Among this group of plants are the species often referred to as ‘bush tomato’ or ‘bush raisin’. In Central Australia and the Northern Territory, the genus Solanum that include the bush tomato are usually found as small shrubs any where from 30 cm to about 1 metre in height. With a covering of star-shaped hairs. The flowers are mostly in clusters, often purple and have the yellow anthers projecting from the centre of each flower. The fruit look like small tomatoes of about 0.5 cm to 3 cm in diameter. The fleshy fruit vary in colour and may be green, yellow, brown, red or black.
 

The edible bush tomato include Solanum esuriale, S. centrale, S. ellipticum and S. cleistogamum (although S. coactiliferum is only edible after removal of the skin).
 

CAUTION
There are many Solanum species that resemble Solanum centrale, and only some of them produce edible fruit. Some closely related species produce fruit that are toxic.

The unripe fruit contains the toxin solanine (the same as that found in green potatoes) and must be fully ripened before consumption.

S. sturtianum is poisonous and can usually be recognised by the yellow or black dry brittle fruits.
Of the 36 species found in Central Australia and the Northern Territory region, these include:
  • S. centrale (Desert raisin)
  • S. chenopodinum (Wild tomato)
  • S. cleistogamum (Shy nightshade)
  • S. coactiliferum (Western nightshade)
  • S. dioicum (Wild tomato)
  • S. ellipticum (Potato bush)
  • S. esuriale (Quena, Tomato bush)
  • S. ferocissimum (Spiny potato bush)
  • S. gilesii (Wild tomato)
  • S. lasiophyllum (Wild tomato)
  • S. nigrum (Black berry nightshade)
  • S. orbiculatum (Wild tomato)
  • S. petrophilum (Wild tomato)
  • S. quadriloculatum (Wild tomato)
  • S. sturtianum (Thargomindah nightshade, Sturt's nightshade)
  • S. tumulicola (Wild tomato)
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Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum

Solanum - Other links

Bushfires and Bushtucker Aboriginal Plant Use in Central Australia • Author: Peter Latz
Wikipedia • Solanum
Wildflowers and Plants of Inland Australia • Author: Anne Urban
 
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