The Simpsons Gap region includes large areas of Mulga, as well as a stronghold for over 40 rare and relict plants. It is also an area that has important spiritual meaning for the Arrernte Aboriginal people, being where several dreaming trails and stories cross. The Arrernte Aboriginal name for Simpsons Gap is 'Rungutjirpa', being the mythological home of a group of giant goanna ancestors.

There are resident Black-footed Rock Wallabies, with dawn and dust being the best time to see them, although visitors have also been lucky to see a number of wallabies in the mid morning period during the cooler winter-spring season.

Simpsons Gap is also a unique gorge that is home to a number of species of arid land frogs. Under the right conditions, as seen in the images here, during the first couple of months of 2010, locals and visitors were thrilled to witness thousands of frogs ranging from the Desert Tree Frog, Spencer's Burrowing Frog, Main's Frog (also known as the Sheep Frog) and the Centralian Green Frog. During such unique wildlife activity, the Parks and Wildlife Service of the NT put on special walks and night time tours to take in these events.